ABSTRACT
@#Aims:In this paper we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess the biological characters and maturity level of three organic materials: filter cake (FC), spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and fermented grass (FG), through microbial activity and phytotoxicity.Methodology and results:Each sample was determined for physicochemical parameters, microbial activity and phytotoxicity. Microorganism population was counted by spreading plate method and microbial activities were tested by measuring fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). The phytotoxicity evaluation by seed germination was tested on Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle),Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) and Oryza sativa (Rice). The results showed that all substrates have suitable physicochemical values that could be used as soil amendments. These organic matters are a rich source of microorganisms (>107 CFU/g), especially plant growth promoting bacteria (ranging from 104 to 106CFU/g). The high value of FDA (ranging from 1.609 to 1.621 mg/g) and DHA activity (ranging from 153.95 to 179.92 μg/g)suggested a high degree of microbial activity in the organic amendment samples. Combining with germination index values in seed germination, most GI values indicate non-toxicity of those substrates, with the exception of fermented grass in germination of H.sabdariffa.Conclusion, significance and impact of study:The result from this study proposes that these substrates can be considered as potential amendments to support soil property.
ABSTRACT
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legumes grown in Asia. Though the area under this crop is more, the average yield per hectare is low because of several biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, the wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri is most destructive seed and soil borne disease. (Haware et al., 1986) which threatens successful cultivation of chickpea and causes severe losses in chickpea growing areas. (Grewal et al.,1974b and Singh et al.,1977.) The organic amendments viz., saw dust, ground nut cake, FYM, soybean cake, cotton cake were used in three concentrations 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% . The highest per cent growth of inhibition was observed in soybean cake 0.3% (32.96%), followed by groundnut cake 0.3% (29.63%). The lowest per cent growth inhibition was observed in saw dust 0.1% (06.47%).
ABSTRACT
Bacillus subtilis, bactéria habitante natural do solo, produz antibióticos, enzimas e fitohormonios que proporcionam benefícios para as plantas. Essa espécie microbiana é também descrita como rizobactéria promotora de crescimento de plantas (RPCP). Sementes de milho, algodão e soja foram inoculadas com células de B. subtilis formulado com farinha de ostras objetivando-se avaliar a emergência e o desenvolvimento das plantas. A inoculação proporcionou aumento de emergências em algodão e soja. Além disso, a inoculação com o produto biológico incrementou significativamente a produção de massa seca, na parte aérea do milho. Os teores de fósforo e nitrogênio foram maiores no tecido foliar de milho, inoculados com a bactéria e farinha de ostras, comparando-se com a testemunha. A interação do resíduo orgânico com a bactéria proporcionou ganhos no crescimento e nutrição das plantas. A inoculação de sementes com B. subtilis, formulado com o resíduo orgânico, apresentou-se como uma alternativa tecnológica viável para a inoculação de sementes.
Bacillus subtilis is a soil bacteria able to synthesize antibiotics, enzymes and phytohormones importants for plant growth. This specie is also classified in plant growth as promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). A biological product containing oyster meal and cells of B. subtilis was inoculated in seeds of corn, cotton and soybean. This inoculation increased emergence in cotton and soybean. The growth of corn was stimulated by seed inoculation with B. subtilis and organic amendment. The concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen significantly increased in the corn treated with the product. The interaction bacteria with organic amendment provided increments in plant growth. The inoculation of seeds with B. subtilis and amendments is promising technological alternative for seed treatment.